====== Git as cmd ======

  * download:
    * https://git-scm.com/download/win
    * you can download the portable version without mess up your own current system config

====== Git tool ======

  * git desktop from github
    * https://desktop.github.com/
  * other
    * https://www.gitkraken.com/
    * https://www.sourcetreeapp.com/
    * https://www.sublimemerge.com/
  * vs code related
    * https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=mhutchie.git-graph
      * view graph tree and difference in commits 
    * https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=eamodio.gitlens
      * (visual view not free) gitLens — Git supercharged (from gitkraken)


====== Command Git cmds ======

The Three States of Git
  * **Modified**: A file is modified when you have changed it but have not yet committed it to your repository. It is only changed in your working directory.
  * **Staged**: A modified file becomes staged when you **add it** to your staging area. Here, Git has it marked as ready to be committed in the next snapshot. This means you've told Git to include the updates from this file in the upcoming commit.
  * **Committed**: Once a file is committed, it means that the data is safely stored in your repository's local database. This updates the commit history with a new snapshot of your project at the time you made the commit.

Cmds
  * start the git-cmd.exe and now you are in a cmd with git built-in, or add git path to your cmd session: <code>set PATH=D:\path_to_git_folder\bin;%PATH%</code>
  * create a default user if you have not <code dos>
git config --global user.name "AnyOne"
git config --global user.email "anyone@any.what"
</code>
  * list config <code dos>git config --list</code>
  * create a project folder <code dos>mkdir SuperWebProj
cd SuperWebProj
touch index.html
</code>
  * create ignore list inside git directory, create .gitignore file <code dos>
# ignore folder, ignore type of files
__pycache__/
*.py[cod]

# ignore build folder
build/
</code>
  * cd to the folder where you want to create a repo <code dos>git init</code>
    * by default, the init will use this folder as "master" named branch, you can config git to use other name like main or core-feature like name, but you can ignore that for now.
  * make some files or copy some files into that folder, then add that as changes and make a commit <code dos>
git add *.html
git commit -m "starter files added"
</code>
  * check status <code dos>git status</code>
    * optional: you can change branch name like <code dos>git branch -m master main</code>
  * add everything in the directory that is changed 
    * all new and modified files: <code dos>git add .</code>
    * all new and modified + deleted files <code dos>git add -A</code>
    * all modified + deleted files <code dos>git add -u</code>
  * to view change log <code dos>git log</code>
  * use git to zip folder <code dos>
git archive --format=zip -o project_code.zip HEAD project_code
</code>
  * git download a project: cd to root of your project folders, (note: clone will create root folder of the git project, best no space, AnBn style naming) <code dos>
git clone https://proj_url/project.git
</code>
  * git remote source for fetch and push, (this only deal with remote repo), check remote source <code dos>
git remote -v
</code>
  * git list branch, 
    * both local and remote branch<code dos>git branch -a</code>
    * both local branch<code dos>git branch</code>
  * git check all changes to files in detail, this is before changes added (not yet commit) <code dos>git diff</code>
  * always get source update before push <code dos>git pull origin branch-name
git push origin branch-name
</code>
  * create branch for a feature or a issue <code dos>git branch export-feature</code>
  * switch branch <code dos>git checkout export-feature</code>
  * push to remote repo <code dos>git push -u origin export-feature</code>
  * merge a feature branch into main <code dos>git checkout main
git merge export-feature
</code>
  * to check which feature branch has been merged into main before, checkout to main, then <code dos>git branch --merge</code>
    * to check which feature branch has NOT been merged into main, <code dos>git branch --no-merged</code>
    * for already merged branch shows in --merge cmd, you can safely delete those feature branch, as they are already part of main.
Extra Tips:
  * you can use vscode to open the folder project (the one with .git hidden folder), vscode will auto know it is a git project and it has some built-in tool to help you instead of using the git cmd <code dos>git branch -d export-feature</code>
    * you may need to set git.exe path if you use above portable one,
    * go File > Preference > setting , search git path, click edit setting.json, it will pop up the {} dictionary part for you to edit <code>"git.path": "D:\\App_Dev\\PortableGit\\bin\\git.exe",</code>
  * if you want more help, you can use Github Desktop app, which you dont have to use their github service, you can use add your local disk project folder, you can manage all the git cmd in a visual way, like compare difference and make commit