Git as cmd

download:
- https://git-scm.com/download/win
- you can download the portable version without mess up your own current system config

The Three States of Git

Modified: A file is modified when you have changed it but have not yet committed it to your repository. It is only changed in your working directory.
Staged: A modified file becomes staged when you add it to your staging area. Here, Git has it marked as ready to be committed in the next snapshot. This means you've told Git to include the updates from this file in the upcoming commit.
Committed: Once a file is committed, it means that the data is safely stored in your repository's local database. This updates the commit history with a new snapshot of your project at the time you made the commit.

Cmds

start the git-cmd.exe and now you are in a cmd with git built-in, or add git path to your cmd session:
```
set PATH=D:\path_to_git_folder\bin;%PATH%
```

create a default user if you have not

git config --global user.name "AnyOne"
git config --global user.email "anyone@any.what"

create a project folder

mkdir SuperWebProj
cd SuperWebProj
touch index.html

create ignore list inside git directory, create .gitignore file

# ignore folder, ignore type of files
__pycache__/
*.py[cod]
 
# ignore build folder
build/

cd to the folder where you want to create a repo
```
git init
```
- by default, the init will use this folder as “master” named branch, you can config git to use other name like main or core-feature like name, but you can ignore that for now.
make some files or copy some files into that folder, then add that as changes and make a commit
```
git add *.html
git commit -m "starter files added"
```
check status
```
git status
```
- optional: you can change branch name like
```
git branch -m master main
```
add everything in the directory that is changed
- all new and modified files:
```
git add .
```
- all new and modified + deleted files
```
git add -A
```
- all modified + deleted files
```
git add -u
```
to view change log
```
git log
```

use git to zip folder

git archive --format=zip -o project_code.zip HEAD project_code

git download a project: cd to root of your project folders, (note: clone will create root folder of the git project, best no space, AnBn style naming)
```
git clone https://proj_url/project.git
```
git remote source for fetch and push, (this only deal with remote repo), check remote source
```
git remote -v
```
git list branch,
- both local and remote branch
```
git branch -a
```
- both local branch
```
git branch
```
git check all changes to files in detail, this is before changes added (not yet commit)
```
git diff
```

always get source update before push

git pull origin branch-name
git push origin branch-name

merge a feature branch into main

git checkout main
git merge export-feature

Extra Tips:

you can use vscode to open the folder project (the one with .git hidden folder), vscode will auto know it is a git project and it has some built-in tool to help you instead of using the git cmd
```
git branch -d export-feature
```
- you may need to set git.exe path if you use above portable one,
- go File > Preference > setting , search git path, click edit setting.json, it will pop up the {} dictionary part for you to edit
```
"git.path": "D:\\App_Dev\\PortableGit\\bin\\git.exe",
```
if you want more help, you can use Github Desktop app, which you dont have to use their github service, you can use add your local disk project folder, you can manage all the git cmd in a visual way, like compare difference and make commit

Command Git cmds